Getting a verification badge for your business on Instagram can be done by applying for the paid Meta Verified for Business subscription or through the free Legacy Verification if your brand is highly notable and frequently covered in the news. Considering you are a small business, you might want to try the first option.
First, you need to make sure your profile is professional, not personal. Now, go to Settings, For Professionals options and select Meta Verified. Choose your subscription tier, verify your business contact info, and select a confirmation method (email, phone, or document upload) to prove your identity.